Keloids are a form of skin overgrowth, a type of scar that typically develops after an injury, burn, or intense skin condition. Initially appearing as pink bumps, they become smooth, shiny, and darker over time. They often cause itching or pain.
Keloids can develop anywhere on the body that has experienced trauma but are more commonly found in the following areas: • Chest • Back • Shoulders • Shins • Earlobes • Jaw
These areas are more prone to keloid formation due to skin tension and friction that encourage overgrowth and scarring.
Genetics and hormonal imbalances (such as during pregnancy) may also contribute to their development.
Differences Between Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are both abnormal forms of healing but differ in key ways: • Keloids extend beyond the original wound, whereas hypertrophic scars do not. • Keloids always cause itching, unlike hypertrophic scars. • Keloids are red with small blood vessels on their surface; hypertrophic scars may lack this appearance.
Treatment of Keloid Scars
Various treatment methods are used to manage keloids.
Corticosteroid and Antineoplastic Injections
Injected directly into the scar to reduce its size and texture. Multiple sessions are required every 4–6 weeks to achieve atrophy of the keloid. When combined with laser treatment, skin color is also improved.
Laser Therapy (Fractional and Pulsed Dye)
Improves the texture and color of the scar by targeting hemoglobin in blood vessels, which gives the keloid its red appearance. Best results are achieved when combined with silicone sheets and repeated sessions.
Silicone Sheets
Recommended for small scars. They apply pressure to reduce overgrowth and are worn 24 hours a day for at least 2 months, helping to prevent further development.
Radiofrequency with Microneedling (RF Microneedling)
Stimulates collagen and elastin production, encouraging skin regeneration and scar smoothing.
Peeling and Dermabrasion
Special creams and techniques such as peeling and dermabrasion are also used to improve skin texture.
Surgical Removal
In very rare cases, if a keloid is particularly large, partial surgical removal may be performed to reduce its size. Following surgery, corticosteroids or antineoplastic agents are injected into the scar to minimize the risk of recurrence and prevent new keloid formation.
Each treatment is personalized based on factors such as the type, size, and location of the scar, the skin’s characteristics, and the patient’s overall health. The treatment plan is carefully monitored to ensure optimal therapeutic results.
