Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), most often caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though HSV-1 may also be responsible in some cases. It is characterized by recurrent outbreaks of painful vesicular lesions in the area between the navel and the buttocks. Symptoms such as itching, burning, or tingling often precede lesion formation.
• Effective therapeutic management • Modern treatment protocols • No recovery downtime • Reduced risk of recurrence
Symptoms
The primary infection may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms, including fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches, typically appearing 2–20 days after exposure. Lymph node swelling may be observed in the first weeks. Recurrent outbreaks are generally milder and lack systemic symptoms. During relapses, lesions appear in the same area, are fewer in number, and heal faster. They present as grouped papules that progress to vesicles and shallow ulcers.
Transmission
The herpes virus spreads through saliva, vaginal secretions, and sexual contact. It can also be transmitted via direct contact with visible sores or blisters. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 5 days, and the risk of transmission is highest when active symptoms are present. Pregnant women must be especially cautious, as vertical transmission to the newborn during delivery is possible.
Treatment
Symptoms can be effectively managed with potent antiviral therapies that accelerate healing and reduce recurrence rates. Suppressive therapy also helps limit viral transmission and complications such as aseptic meningitis.
Acyclovir has long been the standard treatment, but its low bioavailability necessitates frequent dosing (200 mg five times per day for 5 days). Valacyclovir and famciclovir offer improved bioavailability and greater convenience. Valacyclovir: • 500 mg twice daily for 3 days • Or 1000 mg once daily for 5 days Famciclovir: • 1000 mg twice daily for 1 day • Or 125 mg twice daily for 5 days These antivirals can also be used in daily suppressive therapy.
In immunocompromised patients, recurrences are more frequent and severe, requiring higher doses and prolonged treatment. Severe cases may require intravenous therapy. In cases of acyclovir resistance, foscarnet may be necessary.
Prevention
Adherence to strict hygiene protocols and consistent condom use during sexual intercourse constitute key preventive measures against sexually transmitted infections, while also reducing the likelihood of viral reactivation in previously infected individuals.
