Vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is caused by the Candida fungus and is especially common in women of reproductive age. The most typical symptom is itching, though there are cases of asymptomatic fungal infection. Often, the inflammation also affects the skin of the vulva, which is referred to as vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Candida is a normal microorganism in the vagina, but its overgrowth can lead to inflammation and symptoms of vaginitis or vulvovaginitis. The fungus can be transmitted through sexual contact, but also from the anus, the use of antibiotics, or hormonal imbalances.
Accurate and Targeted Treatments
Without Discomfort
Elimination of Recurrence
Symptoms
The main symptoms of vaginal yeast infection include:
Itching: Intense itching in the vulvar area
Irritation: Redness and swelling
Burning sensation: Discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse
Abnormal vaginal discharge: Thick, white-yellow, and unpleasant-smelling
Dryness: May cause painful intercourse
Risk Factors
Many factors can increase the risk of developing a vaginal yeast infection:
Antibiotics: Reduce the vagina’s normal flora
Hormonal medications: Birth control or hormone replacement therapy
Diabetes: Increases susceptibility to infections
Pregnancy: Hormonal changes that promote fungal growth
Immunosuppression: Weakened immune system
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of vaginitis is performed by collecting vaginal fluid samples for microscopic examination. In cases of recurrence or if there is no improvement, cultures or PCR testing may be performed. Patients should not take medication without a proper diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment includes medications administered orally or vaginally, with the appropriate physician determining the approach based on findings. Fluconazole is typically prescribed orally, or vaginal creams/suppositories are used. In cases of recurrent vaginitis, a specialized culture may be needed to identify the specific fungus.
Prevention
Prevention focuses on managing risk factors:
Blood sugar control: Especially for diabetic patients
Prophylactic treatment: In cases where antibiotic use is known in advance
Appropriate clothing: Avoid tight garments; opt for cotton underwear
Proper hygiene: Use white toilet paper and wipe correctly
Caution during menstruation: Avoid vaginal douching
Adhering to these preventive measures can reduce the likelihood of developing a vaginal yeast infection and help maintain intimate area health.
